Wednesday, February 15, 2012

In Indonesia Jajah for 3.5 Ages Since A Book

Did you know that as a nation bukulah the Dutch can get to colonization of the archipelago and the rich of this earth for centuries? The book is titled Itinerario naer Oost ofte Portugaels Indien, written by Jan Huygen van Linshoten in the year 1595.
Here's her story:

Long before Europe opened his eyes to find a new world, the indigenous people live in peace archipelago. This situation changed dramatically when the Europeans began arriving on the pretext of trade, but to bring combat forces equipped with weapons. It is ironic, a character that moves the wheels of world history into the pools of blood are two different popes. First, Pope Urban II, who waged a crusade to capture Jerusalem in the Council of Clermont in 1096. And secondly, Pope Alexander VI.

Crusade unwittingly opened the eyes of the Europeans about the civilization that is far superior than them. European experience of enlightenment due to contact with Muslims in this crusade. If it is a fact long before the Europeans dared to sail the oceans, the Arabs have been known to the world as a nation of intrepid traders who used to sail the ocean to the archipelago. Even camphor which is one of the main substances in the ritual of embalming the Pharaoh in Egypt in the centuries before Christ, came from a small village called Barus who was in the middle of the west coast of Sumatra.

From this meeting of European civilization to know if there is one area in the south of the globe that is rich with natural resources, that does not exist anywhere in the world. The country was filled with rubber, pepper and other spices, other than that of Europe as well kiss the gold and precious stones that are stored in the stomach. The land is very friendly climate, and nature is very beautiful. This area that we now know the name of the archipelago. Hearing all this wealth of Europe is very eager to find all the things that has not been acquired.

Pope Alexander VI in 1494 gave the church an official mandate to the Kingdom of the Catholic Portuguese and Spanish through the Treaty of Tordesillas. Given this agreement, Pope Alexander to arbitrarily divide the world outside of mainland Europe into two plots to annexed. Tordesilas demarcation line in the agreement that followed the circle of latitude of the Cape Verde Islands, beyond the two poles of the earth. This gives the New World, now called the Spanish-American continent. Africa and India handed over to the Portuguese. Pope demarkasinya line shifts eastward as far as 1170 kilometers from Cape Verde Islands. Brazil also fell to the Portuguese. European foray path eastwards far into the archipelago was divided into two. Spanish and Portuguese sailed to the West to the East, the two finally met in the Moluccas, the Banda Sea.

Previously, if two competing center of power that reproduce exactly the treasure robbery meet at one point then they will fight, but when you meet in the Moluccas, the Portuguese and Sanyol try to refrain. On 5 September 1494, Spain and Portugal made agreements Saragossa that determine the anti-meridian, or line connections on a semi-circle which went on line 1170 kilometers from Cape Verde. The line is located to the east of the Maluku islands, around Guam.

Since then, Portugal and Spain managed to bring a lot of spices from the voyage. Across Europe to hear it and start the race to also send a fleet to new lands in the south. When the European naval expedition sent to discover new worlds, understanding between trade, warfare, and the spread of Christianity there was virtually no difference. The mission of this European imperialism until we now know as the "Three G": Gold, Glory, and Gospel. All authorities, kings, traders, which is in the southern European country talking about the very wealthy. They are vying to reach the archipelago of the various pathways. Unfortunately, it was not there a map of sea voyages in full and contains detailed route from Europe to the region known as the East Indies Europe. Map of European nations has just reached the mainland India, while the area on the east side was still dark.

Compared to Spanish, Portuguese is superior in many ways. Portuguese sailors who are runaway leaders Templar (and founded the Knights of Christ), with strict maps attempt to conceal their latest shows sea routes to Southeast Asia. The maps then the thing most wanted by many kings and merchants of Europe. But like the saying goes, "smart-smart squirrel jump, eventually falling too", then so are the maps held secret Portuguese sailors. A number of Dutch people who have worked long on the Portuguese sailors know this. One of them named Jan Huygen van Linschoten. In 1595 he published a book called Oost ofte Itinerario naer Portugaels Indien, Travel Guide to the East or Portuguese Indies, which includes a variety of maps and very detailed deksripsi cruise lines that made the Portuguese to the East Indies, complete with all its problems.

Books that sell well in Europe, but of course this is not like Portuguese. The nation held a grudge on the Dutch people. Thanks to this van Linschoten, the Dutch finally know a lot of the problems faced by the Portuguese in the new region and also the secrets of the ship and the voyage track. The entrepreneurs and the Dutch authorities to build and refine maritime fleet ships immediately, so that they can plunder the world's wealthy south, and not inferior to other European kingdoms.

In 1595 the Dutch sent a first expedition to the archipelago called the East Indies. This expedition consisted of four ships with 249 crew led by Cornelis de Houtman, a Dutchman who has long worked on the Portuguese in Lisbon. Approximately one year later, in June 1596, de Houtman landed at the port of Bantam which is the main port of the pepper trade of Java, then along the north coast, stopping at Sedayu, Madura, and others. De Houtman very poor leadership. He behaved arrogant and arbitrary besikap on indigenous people and also against fellow European traders. A number of conflicts caused him to lose a lot of boat and crew, so when it landed in the Netherlands in 1597, leaving him only three boats and 89 crew. However, the three ships full of spices and other valuable objects.

Dutch people think, if a de Houtman who is not capable to lead the course can earn that much, especially if led by a man and a fleet that is far superior. The return of the team de Houtman cause a burning passion in many Dutch merchants to follow in his footsteps. Houtman trail followed by dozens or even hundreds of Dutch merchants sent their fleets to the East Indies. Within a few short years, had invaded the Netherlands East Indies and it lasts a long time until the newly independent in 1945.

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